Big Three Auto History
Buick
1914 Buick
Buick Manufacturing Company was founded in , May 1902 by David Buick . In 1903 the company became the Buick Motor Company . The Buick Motor Company was sold to James Whiting in 1904 and William Durant was hired as manager of the company . The Buick Motor Company would eventually be the first part of the General Motors Corporation . David Buick was credited as the inventor of the "Overhead Valve Engine". Buick became the larges selling auto of that time , in USA . Buick formed an alliance with McLaughlin Motor Company in Oshawa Ontario (Canada) to build the McLaughlin- Buick . GM eventually bought McLaughlin , and turned it into GM Canada. Buick is now the mid-luxury division of GM as Oldsmobile has closed and Saturn is manufactured at the Buick division of GM .
Cadillac
1903 Cadillac
Cadillac was developed from Henry Ford Designs of the Henry Ford Company . Henry Ford left the Henry Ford Company , to start the Ford Motor Company . Henry Leland took over the Henry Ford Company in 1902 and changed the name of the company to the Cadillac Automobile Company in Aug . 1902 .The first Cadillacs were built from designs left by Henry Ford. Cadillac was aquired by General Motors in 1909 as the luxury car division. Cadillac was noted do be the first to use an electric starter . Cadillac was the first to use a fully synchromesh transmission . About 1941 Cadillac became the first top luxury car available with an automatic transmission . Cadillac was the first to use hydraulic lifters , in their V16 engine about 1931. They also offered a V12 engine around that time . Today Cadillac is still GMs top luxury car line .
Chevrolet
Chevrolet Motor Company was founded by Louis Chevrolet and William Durant in 1911. Durant was forced to leave General Motors so he united with Chevrolet to get back into the automotive industry . Louis Chevrolet was a race car driver and had driven cars for Durant , to promote Buick .
Chevrolet Motor Company owners , aquired a majority of shares in General Motors Corporation and gained control of GM . Durant became CEO (again) in 1916 and Chevrolet became a division of GM in 1017. Through the years Chevrolet and Pontiac had very similar bodies but until 1955 , Chevrolet used an overhead valve engine and Pontiac used a flat head engine . After the 1954 models , Chevrolet models have been different in appearance from Pontiac though they were very similar in general dimensions . The motors were different in most cases until the 70s or so . Now Chevrolet and Pontiac are mostly totally different . For those who wondered , the Chevrolet emblem is modeled after a "bowtie".
1958 Chevrolet Corvette
Chrysler - Chrysler was founded by Walter Chrysler in June 1924 with the re-organization of the Maxwell Motor Company . Walter was originally hired by Maxwell to get them out of financial difficulties . He took over Maxwell and changed it into the Chrysler Corporation . Walter Chryslers idea was the same as that of Henry Ford . To provide a quality automobile at an affordable price . It is said that the first Chrysler automobile was similar to a vehicle Willys was designing during the time Walter worked for Willys . The first Chrysler was a 6 cylinder . The 1925 Maxwell was built by Chrysler but was dropped in 1926 when the 4 cylinder Maxwell became a Chrysler . In 1926 Chrysler introduced the Chrysler Imperial as their top of the line luxury car , to compete with Lincoln and Cadillac . Imperial was The Plymouth was introduced as a lower priced model in 1928 but it was the 4 cylinder Chrysler with a new badge and name .
Dodge was also aquired by Chrysler in 1928 . Chrysler aquired American Motors in and Jeep in 1987 .
1932 Chrysler Imperial
Dodge - John and Horace Dodge formed a partnership with Fred Evans in 1897 and manufactures "Evans & Dodge" bicycles . In 1900 John and Horace Dodge ended the partnership in that busyness and opened a machine shop called Dodge Brothers Company . They manufactured engine and chassis parts for Ford Motor Company and Olds Motor Vehicle Company . The Dodge brothers gained a reputation for quality and precision in the parts they manufactured for other auto companies . This reputation carried over to their cars when the began the manufacture of Dodge cars in 1914. From 1916 to 1920 Dodge was second in sales in USA . Dodge cars were equipped with 12 volt electrical (most others were 6 volt until the 1950s) . They also used all steel bodies (many others used metal on wood body construction). Dodge was aquired by Chrysler
corporation in 1928.
1915 Dodge
Edsel . Edsel was manufactured by Ford from 1958 to 1960 and was a car too far ahead of its time . It used a push button gear shift system mounted in the center of the steering wheel . It had self adjusting brakes , and a roller type speedometer . Sales exceeded 68,000 the first year (1958) but dropped to under 47,000 the second year (1959) and the Edsel was discontinued after the 1960 model . Edsel vehicles are a collectors item today and there are Edsel clubs in various places in the world .
1958 Edsel
1958 Edsel
Ford Henry Fords first automobile was completed in Feb. 1896 , the Quadricycle
1896 Ford
Henry Ford .
Henry Ford worked for Thomas Edison starting in 1891. He became chief engineer of the Edison Illumination Company in 1893 . It was while working with Edison that Henry , in his spare time , did his experiments with internal combustion engines and built his first automobiles . His Quadricycle was completed in 1896 . Henry left his friend Thomas Edisons company in or around 1898 , to devote his full time to the automobile industry . Henry was involved with the Detroit Motor Company from July 1898 to February 1901. Henry opened the Henry Ford Company November 1901 . In 1902 Henry Ford sold his share of the Henry Ford Company to his investors . The company was then run by Henry Leland who Changed the name of the Henry Ford Company to the Cadillac Motor Company . The first Cadillacs were built from designs left by Henry Ford . (all these Henrys could get confusing ?)
Henry Ford opened the Ford Motor Company in 1903 , on "Mack" avenue in Detroit Michigan , were he began production of the "Model A" . The Dodge Brothers were among the investors in the Ford Motor Company , when Henry first founded it . Henry also contracted the Dodge brothers to build parts for his automobiles . This helped to finance the Dodge brothers to start their own automobile company .
Henry Ford is credited as the inventor of the automobile because of his many contributions to the automobile industry in its early years . Henry was an inventor and had over 160 patents to his credit . Henrys Model T was said to have revolutionized transportation of North America . The manufacturing of the Model T also changed the operation of industry in general in the world . Assembly lines were created to produce the Model T , to help bring the price of his cars down and to make them affordable to more people to buy . The Model T also had a reputation of being a very reliable automobile . Henry paid his employees high wages for that time , so that the could afford to buy the cars they made . Henry lowered the work day for his workers to 8 hours and started a three shift per day production system . It is said that the Ford production line worked so well that two cars were completed every minute and the labor time (man hours) to build each vehicle was just over 12 hours . Ford Motor Company has manufacturing plants in many parts of the world , and the models they make are different in different areas . Ford vehicles are sold in over 130 countries . The Ford family of vehicles now include . Ford , Mercury , Lincoln , Mazda , Volvo and Aston Martin . Also Jaguar and Land Rover are being sold to Tata of India .
Though Ford motor company has shares on the stock market it is still family controlled (for over 100 years) and is possibly the largest family controlled company in the world . In 2007 Ford received more awards for quality than any other auto maker on earth .
2005 Ford G T
General Motors Corporation , was founded in 1908 as part of Buick , by William Durant . Oldsmobile was aquired in 1908 . Cadillac motor company was aquired in 1909 . Oakland Motor Company (of Pontiac Michigan) and Elmore automobiles were also aquired in 1909 . Eventually Oakland and Elmore became part of Pontiac .
In 1909 GM aquired Reliant Motor Truck Company and the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company . These became GMC Truck
Chevrolet Motor Company bought shares and aquired controlling interest in General Motors in 1916 . William Durant who founded GM and ran it from 1908 to 1910 took control of GM in 1916 . Chevrolet Motor Company became a division on General Motors in 1917 .
McLaughlin Automobile was purchased by GM in 1918 , in Oshawa Ontario .
This became General Motors of Canada .
- Pontiac came on the market in 1926 , and eventually Oakland division became Pontiac . The Oakland was dropped after the 1931 model .
General Motors Corporation now includes Buick Cadillac Chevrolet Pontiac Saturn Chevrolet and GMC trucks in USA . Also Holden Hummer Daewoo Opel Saab and Vauxhall are part of GM world wide .
- Oldsmobile which was aquired by General Motors in 1908 , was phased out between 2001and April 2004 and discontinued . It was replaced by Saturn which was phased in starting in 1985.
1905 Cadillac
Lincoln -
Lincoln Motor Company - Aug. 1917 - founded by Henry Leland , after he departed from Cadillac(and General Motors) . The company manufactured aircraft engines during WW1 , as well as luxury automobiles . From 1917 to 1922 , Leland , Lincoln Motor Company produced under 3000 vehicle . In 1922 the company retooled but only made about 150 cars . Bankrupts was filed and , Lincoln Motor Company was purchased by Ford Motor Company , Feb. 1922 .
1929 Lincoln
McLaughlin
McLaughlin Carriage Company was a very successful horse-drawn carriage maker in Ontario Canada . In 1876 the company moved to Oshawa Ontario were it manufactured carriages . In 1907 they began manufacturing the McLaughlin automobiles . McLaughlin made their own models for a few years in Oshawa Ontario (Canada) until a partnership was formed with (Durant) General Motors . The McLaughlin-Buick was born . In 1915 McLaughlin-Buick made an agreement with GM (Durant) to also manufacture Chevrolet , in Canada . About 1918 GM bought all of the Chevrolet motor company of Canada and McLaughlin-Buick and that became General Motors of Canada . In 1942 the name McLaughlin was deleted from Buick .
1912 McLaughlin
Mercury - Mercury was introduced by Ford Motor Company in 1939 as entry-range (luxury) model , to fill the gap between Ford and Lincoln models and to compete with Buick , Oldsmobile and Chrysler . Mercury had its own division of Ford Motor Company until 1945 when it was joined with the Lincoln division the "Lincoln - Mercury Division" (or Mercury -Lincoln) of the Ford Motor Company . Meteor was a Ford with a trim package that was sold by Mercury dealers as a lower priced car model . It eventually became a full model of the Mercury line up .
1959 Mercury
Monarch .
Monarch was a Mercury with different , trim package and decals . It was sold only in Canada as a mid luxury model by Ford Dealers . It was available from 1949 to 1957 and again from 1959 to 1961 . It was replaced in 1958 , for one year by Edsel . From 1975 to 1980 Monarch was mid-size model of the Mercury and was a dressed up Granada .
1904 Oldsmobile
Oldsmobile - The Olds Motor Vehicle Company was founded by Ransom Olds in 1897 . In 1901 Olds was the top selling auto company of that time , selling over 420 cars ,which were built on an assembly line . Though it is said that Henry Ford invented assembly line manufacturing , it is said that Olds was the first to use one .
Olds Motor Vehicle Company was purchased by General Motors in 1908 . Oldsmobile was a big part of GM until the late 90s . Oldsmobile was sold by Chevrolet dealers as their mid priced luxury cars . In 2000 GM started to phase out Oldsmobile and replace it with Saturn . Oldsmobile was closed in April 2004 .
1928 Pontiac
Pontiac was introduced in 1926 as a model of the Oakland Motor Car division of General Motors . Pontiac became the best selling model of the Oakland division of GM with its inline flat head 6 cylinder engine .
1917 Oakland
Oakland models were discontinued in 1931 and Pontiac took over what was Oakland division of GM . Pontiac is still a big part of GM today .
Studebaker
Studebaker brothers Manufacturing Company was founded in 1852 manufacturing wagons for mining . In 1902 they started making electric automobiles . In 1904 Studebaker began making gasoline powered autos.
Studebaker produced automobiles until the 1950s when they merged with Packard Motor Car Company , to become , Studebaker-Packard Corporation .
In 1958 the Packard was discontinued . Studebaker ceased production in USA in 1963 . In 1965 Studebaker ended production in Canada .
1953 Studebaker
Packard
The first Packard automobiles were built in 1899 at the Ohio Automobile Company . William D Packard and partners were instrumental in the start of the company . In 1902 the Ohio Automobile Company became the Packard Motor Company . Packard was the among the most expensive automobiles of that time . Built in USA . Packard is credited with the use of the first steering wheel of the style still used today . Also the first 12 cylinder engines were Packard . Packard was merged with Studebaker in the early 1950s and the last Packard was produced in 1958 .
1950s Packard
Durant - Durant Motors was started in 1921 , by William Durant , the previous CEO of General Motors . Durant stopped US production in 1931 and was purchased by General Motors in 1935.
1924 Durant
1922 Durant
Elmore - The Elmore Manufacturing Company was founded by Burton and James Becker in 1893 and started making automobiles . Elmore was bought by Wm Durant and became a part of General Motors in 1909 , mainly because of Gm s interest in there 3 cylinder 2 cycle (two stroke) engines . Elmore was discontinued by GM in 1910 .
1908 Elmore
Maxwell
Maxwell automobiles were manufactured from about 1904 by the Maxwell-Briscoe Company . In 1913 the company became the Maxwell Motor Company . Maxwell was taken over by Chrysler in 1924 and in 1926 the Maxwell name was discontinued .
1913 Maxwell